How to grow Bean, Fava?

Bean, Fava
  • Latin Family: Fabaceae
  • Latin Genus: Vicia
  • Ease of Growing: Easy
  • Growing Type: Annual

This species is unique among commonly cultivated beans in that it actually dislikes heat. It is a cool weather crop, with requirements more akin to the Pea than any other bean. If your climate is too cold for Snap Beans, then this is the one to try. Most of the United States is too warm for Fava Beans in summer, so it can only be grown in spring or fall (at the same time as Peas). In areas with mild winters, it is often grown as an over wintering crop. It does really well when planted in this way, which is how it became a favorite in Italy (Fava Bean is an Italian name). The Fava Bean isn't closely related to any other Bean and is actually a kind of Vetch (Vicia). It does resemble the other beans in being very rich in protein (it has been called the Soybean of the north) and because it is a [nitrogen fixer]. It is quite easy to grow and is often recommended as a good crop for beginning gardeners.

Caution: Some people, particularly males of Mediterranean (and sometimes Asian) descent, are allergic to Fava Beans. It causes a serious (and sometimes even fatal) allergic reaction known as Favism. Favism occurs in people with a deficiency of a blood enzyme called G6PD that destroys red blood cells. If you have any reason to think you might be allergic then it is usually recommended, that you eat only a couple of beans initially (the first symptom is urinary bleeding). Some people are even allergic to the foliage or pollen and get a rash when they come in contact with it.

Bean, Fava History

Fava Beans originated in the Middle East, but have been grown in the colder parts of Europe as far back as the Iron Age. They have long been a staple of Northern European peasants.

Soil Preference

  • PH (min/max): 6.0 - 7.2
  • PH Ideal (min/max): 6.5 - 6.8

Fava Beans do well in most soil types, so long as they aren't too acidic. Their preference is for a fertile, fairly heavy soil, with lots of organic matter to retain moisture. It is important that the soil be well drained, especially for an overwintering crop, as their roots may rot in wet soil. The large seeds often rot if they stay wet for too long. Raised beds work well with Fava Beans.

How to care for Bean, Fava?

Water

Water regularly in dry weather, as lack of water can affect the set of pods, the size of harvest, and the quality of the plant. Water is most critical when the flowers appear and they are setting pods. 

Fertilizer

Low nitrogen. Moderate potassium. Moderate phosphorous.

Beans don't need a lot of nitrogen in the soil because they fix their own. In fact if there is a lot in the soil they won't go to the trouble of fixing it. They do need plenty of potassium and phosphorus though.

They are sometimes planted after a crop that was heavily amended, or after a winter cover crop.

Seeds

Seed Viability: 2 - 6 years

Germination Percentage: 75.0

Fava Beans are usually self-pollinated, but may occasionally be cross-pollinated by bees. To ensure purity, you should only grow one variety at a time. Allow the pods to ripen fully and dry out on the plant. Take seeds from 5 of the best plants. The seeds must be thoroughly dry for storage.

Light

Sun: min. 6 hours daily

Fava beans prefer full sun in their preferred cool weather climate. If growing in hot climates they do better with light shade. 

Conditions:Cool

Season:Short Season, Long Season

Storage

Fava beans may be stored in the fridge for up to a week. It's best to leave them in the pod for storage.

Storage Req: Refrigerator
Storage Temp: 35-40°F
Storage Length: 1-7 days

Problems

Bean, Fava Types

  • Fava
  • This is the classic English Fava Bean type.

Pests

  • Aphids
  • Bean Weevil
  • Deer
  • Cucumber Beetle
  • Gophers
  • Leafhoppers
  • Rabbits
  • Slugs and snails
  • Birds
  • Rats and Mice

Diseases

  • Boron

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