How to grow Watermelon?

Watermelon
  • Latin Family: Cucurbitaceae
  • Latin Genus: Citrullus
  • Ease of Growing: Moderate
  • Growing Type: Annual

The watermelon has a thick smooth outer rind and a fleshy sweet juicy interior with a high water content (it may be up to 95% water).

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Watermelon History

This succulent tropical fruit originated in Southern Africa, but was cultivated in North Africa by the ancient Egyptians 4,000 years ago (it is depicted in hieroglyphs). From there it made its way around the Mediterranean and to India and Europe. It was introduced in the Americas in the early 1600s.

Soil Preference

  • PH (min/max): 5.5 - 7.0
  • PH Ideal (min/max): 6.3 - 6.5

The ideal soil for Watermelons is loose (sandy loam is best), moist, fertile and well-drained with lots of organic matter. It should also be fairly neutral.

How to care for Watermelon?

To grow sweet tasting watermelons the plants must have plenty of sun, warm temperatures, lots of nutrients, room to grow and a good supply of water.

Water

Watermelons need to produce a lot of leaves to make enough sugar to produce sweet fruit. To do this they need a constant supply of water. The best way to water them is with a drip system or soaker hose, as they don't like having wet leaves (this encourages fungus disease).

Fertilizer

Not surprisingly for such a large and vigorous plant, watermelons are fairly hungry feeders. Melons don't need a lot of nitrogen as it encourages leaf growth at the expense of fruit. They do like phosphorus (give them colloidal phosphate) and potassium (wood ashes), as well as boron and magnesium.

Seeds

Seed Viability: 2 - 4 years

Germination Percentage: 80.0

Watermelons are cross-pollinated by insects so you can either grow only one variety at a time, isolate by a 1/2 mile, cage them or hand pollinate.

Hand pollinating Watermelons isn't difficult, though the flowers are smaller than other Cucurbits. The flowers are most receptive to pollination before any fruit start growing. Once there are fruit maturing on the plant they become less inclined to produce more by pollinating successfully.

You need to prepare to pollinate the flowers the night before, by finding some male and female flowers (the female has a tiny "Melon" behind the flower) that are about to open the following day. Tape them shut with a little piece of masking tape (don't tape it too well or it will be hard to remove without damaging the flower). This prevents them from opening and being pollinated before you get to them.

The next day pick a male flower and remove its tape and petals. Then carefully open a female flower (from a different plant), being very careful to not damage the petals. Insert the male flower into a female flower and brush the pollen from the anthers on to stigma. Finally tape the female flower closed again. The petals will soon fall off and if pollination was successful the tiny fruit will begin to grow.

If you are adventurous, you could collect the seed from any ripe fruit as you eat it (so long as it isn't an f1 hybrid) and see what grows. In the case of Melons, I would avoid hybrids for this reason, it seems a shame not to be able to use some of those seeds.

Light

Sun: min. 6 hours daily

Watermelon is a desert plant and needs full sun.

Conditions:Warm, Hot

Season:Long Season

Storage

Watermelons can be stored in a fridge for a couple of weeks, but their flavor will slowly deteriorate. 

Storage Req: Refrigerator
Storage Temp: 35-40°F
Storage Length: 1-14 days

The fruit should be treated like tomatoes and kept at room temperature. Ideally they should be eaten as soon as possible, as they will only deteriorate over time.

Storage Req: 
Storage Temp: 55-60°F
Storage Length: 1-7 days

Problems

Pests

Melons are related to Cucumbers and suffer from many of the same afflictions. They don't like wet humid conditions because it encourages a variety of diseases. If insect problems get serious you could protect the young plants (they are most vulnerable at this stage) with row covers.

Watermelon Types

  • Watermelon
  • Watermelon has a thick smooth outer rind and a fleshy sweet juicy interior with a high water content (it may be up to 95% water).

Pests

  • Birds
  • Squash Bug
  • Stink Bug
  • Aphids
  • Cutworms
  • Squash Vine Borers
  • Cucumber Beetle
  • Japanese Beetle
  • Slugs and snails
  • Rabbits
  • Raccoons
  • Gophers
  • Deer

Diseases

  • Anthracnose
  • Bacterial Wilt
  • Scab
  • Fusarium Wilt
  • Damping Off
  • Downy Mildew
  • Angular Leaf Spot
  • Powdery Mildew

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